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"Information and user interface components must be presentable to users in ways they can perceive."
What does this mean?
Every user can use their own preferred way to use the website. Allow users to use alternative ways to consume the information the is presented by the website. For example:
"User interface components and navigation must be operable."
What does this mean?
Ensure that all users can interact with the website. Allow operation of the website not only by means of a mouse, but also using a keyboard. A keyboard as input device works differently as a mouse does. Accommodate for those difference.
Further, provide ample time for users to consume the contents of the website. Not every users will read/hear/see/feel (depending on the media-device used) the same information in the same speed.
Prevent any content that might cause seizures like flashing content.
Help users to navigate by allowing multiple ways to reach content, by providing an overview of 'where they are' on the website (e.g. a sitemap).
"Information and the operation of the user interface must be understandable."
What does this mean?
This means users can understand the contents but also the operation of the website. Use proper syntax and grammer targeted to the website topic and audience. Make sure the website has a predictable operation; similar elements (menus, buttons, links) behave consistently. This allows users to 'learn' the operation of the website once.
Avoid users making mistakes. And if they do, provide error messages that are clear, descriptive and help the user to solve the problem
"Content must be robust enough that it can be interpreted by a wide variety of user agents, including assistive technologies."
What does this mean?
Make you content perceivable by the technology the users prefers; ensure the website can be used (provide the same information and operation) by many current and future webbrowsers.
Ensure assistive technologies, like screen-readers can interpret the content.
Note that this is not limited to statice text but also multi-media content, documents and other content types.